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Urbanization in Kazakhstan : Desirable Cities, Unaffordable Housing, and the Missing Rental Market
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

Kazakhstan's cities are hubs of economic opportunity and prosperity. But despite the government's ambitious targets, the pace of urbanization remains slow. This study focuses on two key constraints: (i) the very high cost of living in Kazakhstan's cities, and (ii) the near absence of a rental housing market outside the capital, Astana. The findings show that the two urban centers of Almaty and Astana are 190 and 240 percent more expensive to live in than the national average. Housing is the primary driver of the disparity: after adjusting for inflation, housing costs tripled in Astana and quadrupled in Almaty between 2001 and 2015. As a result, housing costs for the local population in these areas are more unaffordable than famously exclusive cities such as San Francisco and Vancouver. Demand elasticities from 2015 imply that in the current environment, rural and low-income households are especially unlikely to relocate to high-priced areas where employment prospects are better and average incomes are higher. Regional convergence in wage rates remains slow, but appears to be proceeding most quickly in Astana, where rental housing is most prevalent. The findings suggest that high rates of home ownership and the high cost of living in cities lead to exclusion of lower-income households and restrain economic growth.


Book
Complexiteit in organisaties : een raamwerk voor het management
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9043003549 9789043003544 Year: 2001 Publisher: Amsterdam Pearson Education


Periodical
Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique.
Authors: ---
ISSN: 17821509 00342971 Year: 1961 Publisher: Bruxelles, Recherche et diffusion économiques.

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The journal Reflets et perspectivesde la vie économique is dedicated to political economy in the broadest sense. It focuses on Belgium while including European and international perspectives. At the intersection between theory and reality, the journal aims to be both high quality and open to the more general public, from corporations to the worlds of academics, politics, government, and associations. This quarterly journal publishes a set of articles organized around a theme, as well as individual articles and book reviews.


Periodical
Annales de l'inséé
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ISSN: 00718785 Year: 1985 Publisher: Paris : Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques,


Book
Excellent ondernemen : de noodzaak tot een strategie van transformatie
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9043005312 9789043005319 Year: 2001 Publisher: Amsterdam Pearson Education


Book
De verzorgingsstaat : bestuurlijk een chaos?
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ISBN: 9014029403 Year: 1980 Publisher: Alphen aan den Rijn Samsom

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Keywords

Social policy --- Delivery of Health Care --- Economics. --- Social Welfare --- 351.84 <492> <063> --- welvaart en welzijn --- congressen --- nederland --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- economics. --- Sociaal zekerheidsrecht. Sociaal bestuursrecht. R.S.Z.--(sociale verzekering zie {369})--Nederland--Congressen --- prosperite et bien etre --- congres --- pays bas --- Public welfare --- DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE, economics --- ECONOMICS --- SOCIAL WELFARE, economics --- 351.84 <492> <063> Sociaal zekerheidsrecht. Sociaal bestuursrecht. R.S.Z.--(sociale verzekering zie {369})--Nederland--Congressen --- Delivery of health care, economics --- Economics --- Social welfare, economics --- economics


Book
Managing effectively in the world marketplace
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ISBN: 0471876836 9780471876830 Year: 1983 Publisher: New York (N.Y.): Wiley

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Keywords

Firms and enterprises --- International business enterprises --- Corporations, American --- Management --- Commerce. --- Economics. --- -Business enterprises, International --- Corporations, International --- Global corporations --- International corporations --- MNEs (International business enterprises) --- Multinational corporations --- Multinational enterprises --- Transnational corporations --- Business enterprises --- Corporations --- Joint ventures --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Commercial Sector --- Prices --- Sales --- Vendors --- Business --- Businesses --- Commerces --- Commercial Sectors --- Price --- Sale --- Sector, Commercial --- Sectors, Commercial --- Vendor --- Industry --- Ethics, Business --- -Management --- Commerce --- Economics --- American corporations --- International business enterprises - Management --- Corporations, American - Management

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